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El Ostional is a coastal town on the Pacific Ocean, in the municipality of San Juan del Sur and Rivas department in south-west Nicaragua. It is located 170 kilometers (105 miles) south of Managua and 10.5 kilometers (6.5 miles) from the border with Costa Rica. The region consists of the communities of Monte Cristo and San Antonio. El Ostional is becoming recognized as a quaint spot for voluntourism, sport fishing, birdwatching, turtle, dolphin, and whale watching, Cultural heritage events and is a vacation spot for Nicaraguan families and foreign tourists interested in immersing themselves in rural community life. Its population is approximately 1000, consisting largely of 120 families engaged in fishing or the tourism industry and few foreigners from the United States, Canada and Europe. While the local economy was, for many years, based on fishing, crops, and cattle, it has been making aggressive shifts towards tourism in the last 20 years. Its geographical location has given it certain advantages and disadvantages, allowing the citizens to survive economic and food crises. Its inhabitants, living by the Pacific ocean with seasonal flowing rivers and tributaries, are engaged in artisanal fisheries and agriculture, thus solving their basic food needs, work and other tasks. A disadvantage is deeply felt, that as a community that is adjacent to neighboring Costa Rica, families migrate there in search of work to improve their living conditions.〔Elieth Navarro, "Rescate del Patrimonio Historico y Cultural de la Comunidad Indígena del Ostional (English: Rescue of Cultural Heritage of the Indigenous Community of El Ostional (the municipality of San Juan del Sur, Rivas department )), 2009〕 El Ostional, set inshore from a crescent-shaped bay was settled by emigrating indigenous people once they discovered the large volume of fish, turtles, and oysters (El Ostion is Spanish for oyster) in the mangrove and the cove which opens to the Pacific Ocean. The mangrove water was also an excellent source for processing salt to preserve food. The town is near the site of the filming of ''Survivor: Nicaragua'' and ''Survivor: Redemption Island''. The seasons aired in 2010 and 2011 respectively. The current 2014-15 Survivor season ''Survivor: San Juan del Sur'' was also filmed 10 miles nearby.〔http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/05/21/survivor-san-juan-del-sur-blood-vs-water-jeff-probst/〕 and consequently nearby the location for ''Survivor: Worlds Apart'' ==History== Upon arrival of the colonizers, Rivas territory was occupied by the Nicarao (or speakers of Nahoa, the Nahuatl language) from San Juan Soconusco, Mexico. Nicaraos seized the territory now known as Greater Nicoya, evicting the Chorotegas probably about 700 years ago which in turn had expelled the Kiribisis tribes. Greater Nicoya, a sub-area archaeological culture, includes all or part of Matagalpa, Chontales, Boaco, Esteli, Chinandega, León, Managua, Carazo, Granada, Masaya, Rivas and Guanacaste in Costa Rica, bordered to the north by the Gulf of Fonseca, east shores of the lakes of Nicaragua and Managua, and the extreme south eastern volcanic range of Guanacaste where "(the) elements of subsistence (were) also based on agriculture, but with a high percentage of exploitation of marine resources and coastal basic settlements". Although the original inhabitants of Ostional, like those of many other sites, disappeared with the Spanish conquest in 1522, abundant evidence preserved archaeological of its indigenous population in four known sites to date, near the current river town, as was the custom, the best known being Cemetery Indian in the area of the Miraflor only 2 kilometers from the urban center.〔Diagnóstico Socioeducativo. 2004. Dirección de Educación Parque Marítimo El Coco.〕 In the indigenous cemetery, discovered by chance in the year 1995, when some armadillo hunters found pieces of ancient pottery in a burrow, were found later buried human remains, sitting on stone metate or within crocks with objects such as necklaces of white, black and green beads and some with jade figurines were common in the "southern sector (of Greater Nicoya and gave) the use of jade as a status symbol, metallurgy, ceramics slip salmon ... " and within the stonework noteworthy as markers of elite production metates and heads of non-utilitarian hub. The characteristic of the Greater Nicoya grindstones are the Tripod ... Its surface shows few signs of use, indicating that they were not household metates, but only used during certain ceremonies or rituals related to agriculture or death ..." 〔Tesis doctoral de Meritxell TOUS MATA. Barcelona 2002〕 Despite the confirmation of the presence of Nicoya culture in Ostional, the area to date has not been formally studied, nor protected, giving looting in the 1990s, when hundreds of pieces were sold or given away to visitors and neighboring residents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「El Ostional」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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